What to do if your lorry or bus brakes fail in the UK

If your HGV or bus brakes fail in the UK, immediately pump the brake pedal repeatedly to potentially restore braking pressure while preparing alternative stopping methods. For UK drivers, first attempt controlled use of the parking brake (handbrake) - apply gradually rather than yanking abruptly. If ineffective, use engine braking by downshifting through the gears (known as 'forced gear reduction'), particularly effective for modern lorries like DAF XFs or Mercedes Actros. Activate hazard lights and sound your horn to alert other motorway users while seeking an escape route - look for motorway emergency refuge areas, uphill gradients, or soft ground like verges. As last resort, perform a controlled sideswipe against crash barriers using the full vehicle length, avoiding head-on impacts. UK-specific advice: Know your vehicle's retarder system (common in Scanias and Volvo FH models) and remember motorway emergency phones are spaced every 1.6km on UK smart motorways.

If your lorry or bus brakes fail while driving, the priority is to stay calm and take immediate action to slow down safely. Begin by downshifting gears to use engine braking, which helps reduce speed without relying on the brake pedal. If driving a manual, shift down progressively; for automatics, use manual mode or lower gear settings. Next, engage the parking brake gently but firmly—avoid yanking it suddenly to prevent skidding.

Look for an escape route, such as a hard shoulder, layby, or uphill stretch, where gravity can assist in slowing the vehicle. Use hazard lights to alert other drivers. If possible, steer towards soft barriers like bushes or sand-filled arrester beds, often found on motorway exits. Avoid turning the engine off, as this may disable power steering.

Modern lorries and buses often have secondary braking systems (e.g., retarders or exhaust brakes). Familiarise yourself with these features beforehand. Regular maintenance, including brake fluid checks and pad inspections, is critical to prevent failure. If brakes fail near a downhill slope, prioritise controlling speed through gear changes and seek professional help immediately after stopping.