December 15, 2025
73Basic car maintenance, also known as routine servicing, generally includes the following:
- Engine oil change;
The primary function of engine oil is to provide effective lubrication for the engine. Upon reaching the service interval, the oil must be replaced during basic maintenance to ensure optimal performance and lubrication. Common service intervals for oil changes are either every 5,000 miles or 6 months, or every 10,000 miles or 12 months, whichever comes first.
- Oil filter replacement;
The oil filter, or oil strainer, is designed to remove impurities from the oil, maintaining its quality. Over time, its filtering efficiency declines, so it should be replaced alongside the engine oil.
- Air filter replacement, also referred to as the intake air filter;
The air filter, commonly known as the air cleaner, filters the air entering the engine, capturing particles, debris, and moisture. Timely replacement according to the service schedule ensures continued filtration efficiency.
- Cabin air filter replacement;
The cabin air filter purifies the air inside the vehicle or the air entering from outside (some models also feature an external cabin air filter), maintaining a cleaner cabin environment and improving air quality.
- Coolant;
For most motorists, coolant may never require replacement before the car is scrapped or sold. However, exceptions exist, so periodic checks are advisable. Coolant levels should neither fall below the minimum nor exceed the maximum mark. Its primary functions are to prevent freezing in winter, overheating in summer, and to inhibit scaling and corrosion.
- Brake fluid;
Under the bonnet, locate a round reservoir to top up brake fluid. Due to its hygroscopic nature, brake fluid gradually absorbs moisture, leading to separation and reduced boiling points, which can impair braking performance. It is advisable to replace brake fluid every 40,000 km, though this interval may be shortened based on individual vehicle conditions.
- Power steering fluid;
Power steering fluid is a hydraulic fluid used in the power steering pump, facilitating smoother steering wheel operation. Similar to automatic transmission fluid, brake fluid, and shock absorber fluid, it should be replaced during major servicing.
- Fuel filter;
Replace the fuel filter as per the manufacturer’s recommended mileage. If multiple maintenance tasks are due simultaneously, this can be deferred. Many garages or dealerships adopt a conservative approach to fuel filter replacement intervals, but upon inspection, used filters often remain serviceable. Modern fuel quality, especially higher-grade options, contains fewer impurities, making strict adherence to replacement schedules unnecessary.
- Spark plugs;
Spark plugs are indispensable—without them, a car is rendered immobile. Over time, worn spark plugs can cause uneven engine idling, vibrations, and in severe cases, cylinder deformation and increased fuel consumption. Typically, spark plugs should be replaced around 60,000 miles. If they fail frequently, consider selling the car rather than persisting with repairs.
- Transmission fluid;
Transmission fluid replacement isn’t urgent. Automatic vehicles may require it at 80,000 miles, while manual transmissions can wait until approximately 120,000 miles. This fluid ensures smooth gear operation and prolongs transmission life. Post-replacement, gear shifts should feel smoother, reducing vibrations, noise, or gear slippage. Any such symptoms warrant immediate fluid checks.
- Brake pads;
No universal rule governs brake pad replacement, particularly for drivers who frequently brake or ride the brakes. Monitor pad thickness regularly, especially if braking efficiency declines. Given brakes’ critical safety role, their condition demands vigilant attention.
- Battery;
Batteries typically last around 40,000 miles. Difficulty starting the car after prolonged inactivity may indicate a failing battery. Avoid leaving headlights on or playing music/DVDs while the engine is off, as this drains the battery, potentially leaving you stranded.
- Tyre replacement;
Many drivers, like myself, are uncertain when to replace tyres. Common reasons include reducing road noise, wear-related replacement, or personal preference. Aside from wear, other reasons are subjective and entirely acceptable.
Additional car maintenance includes:
Bodywork maintenance. Also termed car valeting, this process removes oxidation and corrosion from exterior and interior surfaces before applying protective treatments to preserve the car’s appearance. Key areas include leather/plastic care, bumpers, paintwork, side skirts, dashboard, upholstery, carpets, tyres, alloy wheels, and windscreen maintenance.
Bodywork refurbishment. This addresses deep scratches, engine bay detailing, and alloy wheel damage repair, falling under restorative body care.
Car maintenance can be categorised as non-scheduled or scheduled. Running-in (break-in) and seasonal maintenance are non-scheduled, whereas daily, primary, and secondary maintenance are scheduled. Essentially, maintenance involves inspection, cleaning, and adjustment. Regular upkeep ensures a superior driving experience.